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Theobalds House
Theobalds Palace (also known as Theobalds House), located in Cedars Park, just outside Cheshunt in the English county of Hertfordshire, was a prominent stately home and (later) royal palace of the 16th and early 17th centuries, before being destroyed in the English Civil War and later. It was a leading example of the Elizabethan prodigy house.
Theobalds is now a hotel and conference venue.〔http://www.deverevenues.co.uk/en/venues/theobalds-park/〕
== Early history ==
The manor was originally called Cullynges, later Tongs (after William de Tongge), and since 1440, Thebaudes, Tibbolds and finally Theobalds. The original house was surrounded by a moat. A new house was built between 1564 and 1585 to the order of Lord Burghley, senior councillor of Elizabeth I. The location was ideal in that it lay just off the main road north from London to Ware. Burghley's intention in building the mansion was partly to demonstrate his increasingly dominant status at the Royal Court, and also to provide a palace fine enough to accommodate the Queen on her visits.〔Loades, D., The Cecils: Privilege and Power behind the throne, The National Archives, 2007. p124-5.〕 The formal gardens of the house were modelled after the Château de Fontainebleau in France, the English botanist John Gerard acting as their superintendent. The Queen visited eight times between 1572 and 1596. Robert Cecil inherited the house and arranged for James I to visit in 1603 when he received the homage of the Privy Council. In 1606 Cecil entertained James and his brother-in-law King Christian IV of Denmark at Theobalds. Both monarchs were notoriously heavy drinkers, and according to some of those present, the occasion was simply an orgy of drunkenness, as few English or Danish courtiers had their rulers' capacity to hold their drink: an attempt to put on a masque of Solomon and Sheba descended into farce, as most of the players were too inebriated to remember their lines, or even to stand up.
In 1607 James I exchanged Theobalds for Hatfield Palace, also in Hertfordshire. Hatfield was old-fashioned and Cecil promptly demolished most of it to make way for a new house designed to entice the King to stay. Theobalds Palace quickly became a favourite country seat of the King James I of England (James VI of Scotland), who eventually died within its walls on March 27, 1625. With the execution in 1649 of James I's son, Charles I, Theobalds was listed amongst other royal properties for disposal by the Commonwealth. This was achieved speedily and by the end of 1650, the house was largely demolished, but it was rebuilt after the Restoration and came to be in possession of George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle.
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